Menopause: Understanding your changing body

Menopause is a natural biological process that occurs in women as they age. It marks the end of the reproductive years when the ovaries gradually stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Menopause is confirmed when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 12 consecutive months. It typically occurs between the ages of 40 and 60, with the average age being around 52. The early phase before menopause, during which symptoms actually begin, is called perimenopause.

Common Symptoms:

1. Hot Flashes: Sudden waves of heat and sweating.
2. Vaginal Dryness: Reduced lubrication and discomfort during sex.
3. Tiredness: Fatigue and decreased energy levels.
4. Hair Loss: Thinning hair.
5. Mood Changes: Mood swings and irritability.
6. Night Sweats: Excessive sweating during sleep.
7. Weight Gain: Uneven fat distribution.
8. Sleep Problems: Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
9. Urinary Issues: Frequent urinary tract infections and incontinence.

Whilst most people are familiar with these menopause symptoms, there are a host of lesser-known symptoms that can also occur during this transition:

1. Cognitive Changes: Some women experience memory lapses, difficulty concentrating, or "brain fog." These cognitive changes can be frustrating but are generally temporary.
2. Skin Changes: You might notice dryness, itchiness, or changes in texture. Collagen production decreases, leading to wrinkles and thinning of the skin.
3. Hair Changes: Beyond hair loss, menopause can alter hair growth patterns. Some women notice more facial hair or changes in hair thickness and texture.
4. Gum Problems: Menopausal women may experience gum inflammation, bleeding, or increased sensitivity.
5. Joint Pain: Estrogen plays a role in joint health. Reduced estrogen levels can lead to joint stiffness, pain, or exacerbation of conditions like arthritis.
6. Tinnitus: Ringing or buzzing in the ears can occur during menopause due to hormonal fluctuations affecting the auditory system.
7. Changes in Body Odour: Hormones influence sweat production and scent. Some women notice changes in body odour during menopause.
8. Breast Changes: Breasts may become more tender, less firm, or develop cysts. Regular breast self-exams and Mammograms are crucial.
9. Digestive Issues: Menopause can impact digestion. Bloating, constipation, or acid reflux may become more common.
10. Increased Allergies: Hormonal shifts can affect the immune system, potentially leading to new allergies or the worsening of existing ones.

The good news is that there are a number of treatments and strategies to help women cope with some of the more frustrating changes they may experience during this stage:

1. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): HRT involves low-dose estrogen and progesterone to alleviate severe symptoms. It is best to begin HRT within 10 years of menopause or before age 60. Benefits include relief from hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. Risks include increased cancer risk (breast, ovarian, endometrial), blood clots, and stroke. HRT is available as tablets, topical creams, or injections.
2. Non-hormonal Options: Low-dose antidepressants can help control mood swings and hot flashes whilst anticonvulsants like those given to epileptics may reduce extreme hot flashes. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management can also ease symptoms. Foods rich in phytoestrogens such as soy and flaxseed may also provide some relief. Collagen supplements may help with joint pain and thinning of the hair and skin.
3. Self-care Strategies: Ensure a healthy diet that includes calcium-rich foods such as milk and broccoli and prioritise adequate protein sources. Yoga can help regulate body rhythms and manage stress. Avoid symptom triggers by limiting caffeine, spicy foods, and alcohol. Stay hydrated: drink plenty of water.

Remember that everyone's experience is unique, and not all women will encounter these symptoms. Similarly, every woman will respond to different treatments and therapies in different ways. If you're going through menopause and notice any unusual changes, it's best to consult your Healthcare Professional for personalised advice and management strategies.

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